Digital signal processing and image processing

DIGITAL SIGNAL AND IMAGE PROCESSING

INTRODUCTION TO SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS

SIGNAL: -
A signal is defined as any physical quantity that varies with time, space or any other independent variable or variables. It may be a function of one or more independent variables. The signal itself carries some kind of information available for observation.
Usually signals are classified into two typesSignals

Analog signals Discrete signals
(Continuous signals) ( Dis –continuous signals)
ANALOG SIGNALS: - The analog signals are continuous function of an independent variable such as time, space etc.

DISCRETE SIGNALS: -
A discrete signal is a function of a discrete independent variable, which is an integer. A digital signal is same as discrete signal except that the magnitude of the signal is quantized.

WAVELET TRANSFORMS

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WAVELET TRANSFORMS

ABSTRACT

Practically all signals are non-stationary and are encountered with the problem of providing better time and frequency resolutions due to Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle. This paper focuses on Wavelet Transform techniques, which are only a decade old and are providing better resolutions and time-frequency representation of the signals which the old Fourier Transform and revised Short Term Fourier Transform failed. This paper discusses the drawbacks of FT and STFT and how the Wavelet Transforms has overcome them, along with the vast fields of it’s applications.

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Digital signal processing using SMART BIOMETRIC SOLUTIONS

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DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING USING SMART BIOMETRIC SOLUTIONS

ABSTRACT

Biometrics is the science of measuring and statistically analyzing biological data. In information technology, biometrics refers to the use of a person’s biological characteristics for personal identification and authentication. Fingerprint, iris-scan, retinal-scan, voiceprint, signature, handprint and facial features are some of the most common types of human biometrics.

Digital signal processors (DSPs), which are specially designed single-chip digital microcomputers that process electrical signals generated by electronic sensors (e.g., cameras, fingerprint sensors, microphones, etc.), will help to revolutionize this world of biometrics. The core of the biometric authentication process is made up of image processing and pattern matching or minutiae comparison algorithms. And the programmable DSP, with an architecture well-suited for implementing complex mathematical algorithms, can efficiently address all the processing needs of such a system.

The following information introduces the concept of a complete biometrics system solution based on semiconductor components, development tools, and software solutions. Additionally, the various concepts that outline the inherent advantages of a DSP in a biometric system - better accuracy, faster recognition and lower cost, all leading to
smarter biometrics - will also be covered.

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Frequency hopping using DSP

FREQUENCY HOPPING FOR VHF/UHF TRANSCEIVER
USING DSP

Abstract

It is possible for a receiver to trap any message signal if it is tuned to that particular frequency.

To maintain secrecy of the message signal the process of Frequency Hopping is employed in V/UHF transceivers operating in hopping mode in the UHF range when ECCM module is inserted which issues hop pulses, which are presently 8 to 40 hops/sec along with the frequency information to the Synthesizer module using DSP Technology. Central timing unit synchronizes both transmitter and receiver simultaneously.

The ECCM commands are sent to the TMS320C5X DSP processor and latch circuits and then to the synthesizer module. When the hop pulse occurs from the ECCM module, the frequency information along with the hop pulse is sent to the Synthesizer module as it is. In between the original hop pulses; the program for DSP processor will generate new frequencies, which will act as hop pulses for the V/UHF transceiver.

It is used mainly in defence applications as well as in the fields where secrecy
of messages is needed.